低温芒硝序贯疗法预防TAPP术后血清肿发生的疗效观察

目的 探讨低温芒硝序贯疗法在预防腹腔镜下经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）后血清肿发生的治疗效果。方法 收集2019年3月至2022年3月在万安县人民医院普外科和中山大学附属第六医院胃肠、疝与腹壁外科收治的120例行TAPP患者的临床资料,利用电脑随机数字表分为试验组与对照组,每组各60例。试验组予以腹股沟区创面200 mL 4 ℃生理盐水冲洗+术后腹股沟区冰敷2 h+术后芒硝外敷2 d的3种联合措施,对照组仅予以TAPP术后常规处理;主要观察指标为两组患者术后血清肿发生率,次要观察指标包括手术时间、下床活动时间、住院天数、住院费用、切口疼痛、VAS评分、恶性呕吐、尿潴留及肠梗阻发生率和远期随访指标包括慢性疼痛、补片感染、疝复发等。结果 试验组和对照组患者血清肿发生率分别为1.7%（1/60）、16.7%（10/60）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,试验组1例属于Ⅰ型;对照组10例中,Ⅰ型6例、Ⅱ型2例、Ⅳ型2例;Ⅳ型血清肿予以B超引导下穿刺抽吸后逐渐缓解,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型血清肿予以芒硝外敷处理后均好转。试验组患者术后切口疼痛、恶心呕吐、尿潴留发生率分别是5.0%、3.3%、3.3%,低于对照组的16.7%、13.3%、15.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组患者的VAS评分（3.1±0.6）分、下床活动时间（8.5±2.3）h、住院天数（3.5±0.6）d,均低于对照组的（4.8±0.8）分、（13.1±1.7）h、（4.5±1.0）d,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者手术时间、腹股沟区慢性疼痛、补片感染、肠梗阻、住院费用、疝复发等比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 低温芒硝序贯疗法能够有效预防TAPP术后血清肿发生,明显减轻病人术后疼痛,降低并发症发生率、促进快速康复,不增加病人经济负担。     

Therapeutic hypothermia and acute brain injury

Secondary brain injury has devastating effects on morbidity, mortality and good functional outcomes. Neuroprotection is multimodal, with decades of preclinical and small clinical studies showing the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia. The basic scientific principles have merit, yet large randomized controlled trials fail to show a clear benefit. This article will review the basic science – the practical aspects of delivering targeted temperature management and evaluate the evidence behind its use for acute brain injuries. With a lack of high-quality evidence for hypothermia, recent consensus statements are shifting the paradigm away from hypothermia to the maintenance of normothermia and prevention of pyrexia.     

PKP术中应用低温间断灌注技术治疗周壁破裂型OVCF

目的通过与温度梯度灌注技术进行比较,探讨低温间断灌注技术在经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体周壁破裂型骨质疏松性骨折中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院2015年1月至2018年12月期间共60例周壁破损型骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者,均为单椎体骨折,根据骨水泥灌注方法的不同分为温度梯度灌注组30例和低温间断灌注组30例。温度梯度灌注组男6例,女24例;平均年龄为(71.9±6.9)岁;低温间断灌注组男8例,女22例;平均年龄(69.7±7.2)岁。比较两组术前、术后2 d及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI),椎体后凸角,伤椎椎体前缘相对高度,手术时间,骨水泥注射量,骨水泥分布面积比,骨水泥可推注时间(从开始推注到所有骨水泥至团块期晚期不可推注的时间),骨水泥渗漏率。结果温度梯度灌注组术后随访时间平均(15.3±8.4)个月;低温间断灌注组术后随访时间平均(18.6±8.2)个月,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组内术后2 d和末次随访时VAS评分、ODI评分较术前差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组内末次随访时与术后2d相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2 d和末次随访时,两组组间的VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余时间点VAS评分和ODI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术前后及末次随访时,两组组间的伤椎前缘相对高度和伤椎椎体后凸角比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中低温间断灌注组的骨水泥可推注时间(12.1±1.0)min,显著长于温度梯度灌注组(5.3±1.1)min(P<0.05)。低温间断灌注组的骨水泥灌注量(3.9±0.79)mL,骨水泥分布面积比(0.46±0.10),均优于温度梯度灌注组(3.20±0.67)mL和(0.31±0.07),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低温间断灌注组有2例患者发生骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率6.7%,显著低于温度梯度灌注组的骨水泥渗漏率26.7%(P<0.05)。结论低温间断灌注技术可以有效延长骨水泥可推注时间,有利于提高骨水泥在椎体内的注射量和分布面积,降低骨水泥渗漏率的同时可获得更好的临床疗效。     

应用FMEA对艾箱灸治疗安全及疗效的探讨

目的：应用失效模式效果分析（Failure mode and effects analysis,FMEA）方法对艾箱灸治疗安全进行探讨。方法：对艾箱灸操作流程每一环节进行潜在的失效模式及其影响分析,且对80名行艾箱灸治疗的患者于治疗过程中进行艾灸局部皮肤肤温的测量。结果：艾灸实施至15 min时皮肤表面温度达最高,且与病人的主诉及耐受程度是一致的,提示在15 min时达到最佳灸量,且应加强巡视,以避免烫伤,同时应用FMEA活动后在巡视的时间点、灸疗的温度及距离等两项风险优先值（RPN）均有明显的下降（P＜0.05）。结论：应用FMEA管理模式,加强了我们行艾箱灸治疗的风险管理,规范了治疗流程,对艾灸的温度、距离及巡视时间点提供了依据,保证了治疗的安全及疗效。     

不同温度处理条件下植物种子萌发的研究进展

种子萌发是植物生长发育的开始,具有非常重要的生物学意义。研究表明不同的温度处理可以有效提高植物种子的萌发效率,尤其是低温处理条件下效果明显且应用广泛。本文对不同温度处理促进种子萌发的研究方法和低温处理条件下种子内源激素的变化等进行了综述,并对今后的研究重点和方向进行了展望。     

Relationship between the sensor temperature and moxibustion distance of mild moxibustion

Objective

To explore the relationship between the receptor temperature and moxibustion distance of mild moxibustion, and provide evidence for clinical moxibustion distance.

3D digital breast cancer models with multimodal fusion algorithms

Breast cancer image fusion consists of registering and visualizing different sets of a patient synchronized torso and radiological images into a 3D model. Breast spatial interpretation and visualization by the treating physician can be augmented with a patient-specific digital breast model that integrates radiological images. But the absence of a ground truth for a good correlation between surface and radiological information has impaired the development of potential clinical applications.A new image acquisition protocol was designed to acquire breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and 3D surface scan data with surface markers on the patient’s breasts and torso. A patient-specific digital breast model integrating the real breast torso and the tumor location was created and validated with a MRI/3D surface scan fusion algorithm in 16 breast cancer patients.This protocol was used to quantify breast shape differences between different modalities, and to measure the target registration error of several variants of the MRI/3D scan fusion algorithm. The fusion of single breasts without the biomechanical model of pose transformation had acceptable registration errors and accurate tumor locations. The performance of the fusion algorithm was not affected by breast volume. Further research and virtual clinical interfaces could lead to fast integration of this fusion technology into clinical practice.     

A mechanistic study of the tremor associated with epidural anaesthesia for intrapartum caesarean delivery

BackgroundIt is not known if the tremor associated with an epidural top-up dose for intrapartum caesarean delivery is thermoregulatory shivering. A tremor is only shivering if it has the same frequency profile as cold stress-induced shivering. Thermoregulatory shivering is a response to a reduction in actual body temperature, whereas non-thermoregulatory shivering may be triggered by a reduction in sensed body temperature. This mechanistic study aimed to compare: 1. the frequency profiles of epidural top-up tremor and cold stress-induced shivering; and 2. body temperature (actual and sensed) before epidural top-up and at the onset of tremor.MethodsTwenty obstetric patients received an epidural top-up for intrapartum caesarean delivery and 20 non-pregnant female volunteers underwent a cold stress. Tremor, surface electromyography, core temperature, skin temperature (seven sites) and temperature sensation votes (a bipolar visual analog score ranging from −50 to +50 mm) were recorded.ResultsThe mean (SD) primary oscillation (9.9 (1.9) Hz) frequency of epidural top-up tremor did not differ from that of cold stress-induced shivering (9.0 (1.6) Hz; P=0.194), but the mean (SD) burst frequency was slower (6.1 (1.2) × 10⁻² Hz vs 6.9 (0.7) × 10⁻² Hz, respectively; P=0.046). Before the epidural top-up dose, the mean (SD) core temperature was 37.6 (0.6) °C. Between the epidural top-up dose and the onset of tremor the mean (SD) core temperature did not change (–0.1 (0.1) °C; P=0.126), the mean (SD) skin temperature increased (+0.4 (0.4) °C; P=0.002) and the mean (SD) temperature sensation votes decreased (−12 (16) mm; P=0.012).ConclusionThese results suggest that epidural top-up tremor is a form of non-thermoregulatory shivering triggered by a reduction in sensed body temperature.     

Direct quantitative measurement of the kinetics of HLA-specific antibody interactions with isolated HLA proteins

HLA specific antibodies vary in their pathogenicity and this is likely to be the net effect of constant chain usage, quantity, specificity, and affinity. Here we have measured the affinity of human monoclonal antibodies for a range of HLA proteins. Purified antibodies and ligands allowed dynamic interactions to be measured directly by surface plasmon resonance. Physiochemical differences between pairs of ligands were quantified using electrostatic mismatch and hydrophobic mismatch scores.All antibodies were characterized by fast on-rates and slow off rates but with a wide range of association rates (k_on, 3.63–24.25?×?10⁵ per mol per second) and dissociation rates (k_off, 0.99–10.93?×?10^?3 per second). Dissociation constants (K_D) ranged from 5.9?×?10^?10?M to 3.0?×?10^?8?M. SN320G6 has approximately a twenty-fold greater affinity for HLA A2 compared with SN607D8, but has a similar affinity for HLA-A2 and B57. In contrast, SN607D8 has greater than a twofold greater affinity for HLA-A2 compared with A68. Similarly, WK1D12 has about a threefold greater affinity for HLA-B27 compared with B7. The higher affinity interactions correlate with the specificity of stimulating antigen. This is the first study to directly measure the binding kinetics and affinity constants for human alloantibodies against HLA.